Melanoma risk factors

 There are several factors that increase the risk of tumor melanoma (Melanoma), namely:

· UV-Ultraviolet: The ultraviolet rays of the sun. And exposure to the sun is the main factor for skin cancer and tumor melanoma specifically, especially when exposure strongly to sunlight.

· Burns: The intent burns ulcers are formed and bubbles, any second-degree burns at least.

· Eye Color hair, or skin: the eyes of glaucoma or owners greens more susceptible to tumor melanoma than others. As well as the owners of blond hair, red, and white skin.

· Freckles: The presence of freckles increases the risk of tumor melanoma.

· Moles: there are some moles in the skin, may lead to melanoma. Comes moles specifications, and will be mentioned later.

· An earlier date for melanoma tumor: the presence of melanoma in the past, increases the likelihood of injury again.

· Family history: the presence of melanoma has a relative of the family, increases the likelihood of injury.

· Genetic factors: There is limited importance of genetic factors, and changes in the gene increase the risk of skin cancer.

· Albinism : It is also a disease that affects the skin and lead to a lack of color of the skin.

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Signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer

 In many cases, the ovarian cancer is asymptomatic or symptoms are not clear, making diagnosis difficult. So many cases of ovarian cancer detected at an advanced stage. Symptoms and signs that may lead to it ovarian cancer are:

    Abdominal or pelvic pain: pain may be is not clear what such as lack of rest, or he will be severe pain.
    Flatulence, because the tumor presses on the intestines.
    Loss of appetite.
    Early sense of satiety.
    Abdominal size, and if the tumor is large.
   Dropsy and in advanced cases.
    Weight loss in advanced cases.
    Bowel obstruction in advanced cases.
  Pleural Effusion: any accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity - a cavity surrounding the lungs - and it leads to shortness of breath, coughing and chest pain. It often happens if ovarian cancer has spread to the pleural cavity.
    And the presence of a mass in the pelvis, was a doctor when physical examination.
    Vaginal bleeding if ovarian cancer has spread to the uterus.
    Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, below the navel or pelvis if the cancer has spread to them.

Not all mass in the pelvis is ovarian cancer, and may be benign lumps often. The doctor to know the distinction between cancer and those blocs non-cancerous.

Ovarian cancer has the potential to spread to many members, those surrounding it as the bladder and rectum, uterus and neck, and fallopian tubes. Or ovarian cancer spreads to the liver, the lungs, the peritoneum and the intestine, and brain. Related symptoms by the patient.

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Risk factors for lung cancer

There are several factors that lead to lung cancer, most notably smoking. The exposure to other substances and genetic factors play an important role in increasing the risk of lung cancer. The most important factors are:

· Smoking: Smoking is the leading risk factors for lung cancer, because it contains dozens of carcinogens. All forms of smoking increases the risk of lung cancer, cigarettes, pipes and even chewing tobacco. Smoking is also a risk factor for oral cancer, gum, trachea and larynx. Risk increases with increase in the amount of smoking. Reduced risk of lung cancer after smoking cessation for a period of 5-10 years at least, and probability remains high during this period, and even then as the smoker always remains the seriousness of the incidence of lung cancer even though he quit smoking.

· Passive smoking: that exposure to secondhand smoke through the presence in an environment full of smoking also increases the risk of lung cancer.

· Environmental factors: many environmental factors, especially carcinogens lead to an increased risk of lung cancer. May be exposed to these substances during work or in the environment or at home. The most important of these factors are:

Radon: There in the coal industry, but there may be in the ground and evaporates into homes and are inhaled. Radon lacks aroma and color so indistinguishable. Some countries examining the presence of radon in residential areas.

Asbestosis: used in car factories, ships, and construction workshops. If human exposure to smoking in addition to asbestos, the likely increase further. Asbestos leads to lung cancer after at least 25-40 years.

Arsenic: Metal found in pesticides used in agriculture.

Other heavy metals  may lead to lung cancer, but less significant.

· Generation: lung cancer does not occur before the age of forty, and most cases occur in advanced age, after the age of fifty private.



· Nutrition: There is a relationship between nutrition and lung cancer, where to eat fat and lack of vitamins increases the risk of lung cancer, while eating fruits and vegetables protect against lung cancer.

· Genetic factors: There are important genetic factors, where the presence of lung cancer in a first-degree relatives (parents, brothers and sisters) increases the risk of lung cancer.

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The causes and risk factors of stomach cancer

The causes and risk factors of stomach cancer
  
There are many factors that increase the risk of stomach cancer. The factors often lead to 

chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach, which causes cancerous 

changes in the cells of the mucous membrane. The most prominent of these factors are:

    Nutrition: apparently, the feeding of great importance in case of stomach cancer. Eating 

salted and smoked two key employees. The canning and starches greatly increase the risk 

of gastric cancer. Other factors in nutrition are:
- Drinking unclean water.
- Do not store food in the refrigerator.
- Do not eat fruits and vegetables, fiber, fats and proteins.

    Smoking increases the risk of stomach cancer.
  
  High intake of alcoholic beverages increases the risk of stomach cancer.
   
 Gender: As mentioned, the gastric cancer affects men more than women.
    
 MRSA infection Helicobacter portal: linked to some cases of cancer of the stomach, as they

lead to chronic inflammation and so for stomach cancer after decades.
   
 Gastric ulcers: only 1% of cases of gastric ulcers turn to stomach cancer.
   
 The absence of an acidic environment in the stomach: it leads to the spread of some types 

of bacteria that produce harmful substances lead to stomach cancer. Lacking the acidic 

environment in several cases:
Pernicious Anemia

 Atrophic Gastritis

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Causes and risk factors for thyroid cancer

Causes and risk factors for thyroid cancer

Like any other cancer, causes thyroid cancer is unknown, but the cancer is generally 

caused 

by a series of mutations that are inherited or occur during the life of the genetic material of 

people.
Nevertheless know some risk factors that increase the possibility of follicular cancer, 

namely:

    Exposure to radioactive materials in abundance, either from the environment or those 

used for medical purposes for the diagnosis or treatment. Risk is directly proportional to the 

amount of radiation and with how much was her early exposure. It is worth mentioning that 

the radiation used in the diagnosis of dental disease is large and does not constitute a risk 

factor at all.

Generation: Most cases occur between generation 25 and 65.
  
Sex: Women more likely.
 
 Iodine deficiency: Today is not a problem in the Western world.
 
 Family history of thyroid disease in general and cancer in particular.
   

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Types of brain tumors

There are several cells in the brain, tumors may arise from all the cells in the brain. Where there are nerve cells,  microglia - a helper cells of nerve cells and are in all parts of the nervous system - and the membrane surrounding the brain cells. Brain tumors are classified into several types according to several criteria, including the type of cells that arise from brain tumor, and the fact that a cancerous tumor or benign (non-cancerous). Type may be benign and then turns cancerous in some cases.Different prevalence of brain tumors, according to a special type of brain tumors, as some tumors stand out among young people and children, while other highlights in the elderly.



The most important types of brain tumors are:

· Glioma tumor: arises from glial cells, and has several types depending on the type of cell that the tumor arises. Some tumors are benign and some are cancerous. The most dangerous species, most notably is  Gliobalstoma which shows young people have more than others.


Meningeal tumor : membranes surrounding the brain called meningitis.. Tumor arising from this tissue tumor called meningeal. Highlights tumor meningitis in older people, especially after the age of forty, and is often non-cancerous. Meningeal tumor is the most common.·  Schwannoma: tumor arises from the other cells in nerve membranes, and be benign in most cases, but it may worsen to become cancerous.· Many other types of brain tumors may arise from the membranes of the brain, lymphocytes, or from glands in the brain.

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What is Breast Cancer

What is Breast Cancer



Breast cancer is cancer of the breast tissue, and lead to malignant tumors. May affect breast cancer in women or men, but it is more common in women and is the most common cancers in women. Breast cancer affects women of every eight women. Breast cancer may be asymptomatic, but it leads to the symptoms of pain  or lump in the breast. Possible that breast cancer spreads to many members, or lead to complications. Because breast cancer is a common cancer, there is the importance of early detection and by screening tests. Breast cancer can be treated several possibilities, possibilities include treatment available surgical treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and hormone therapy. Not all tumors in the breast are breast cancer, some tumors are benign and some are cancerous.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women, which is the second leading cause of death from cancer in women. Breast cancer affects women of every eight women, and leads to the death of one of every fourteen women. Breast cancer affects women in the age applicants, especially age 65 and above. Although breast cancer may spread and lead to death in many cases, but that early detection breast cancer can be treated and cured.

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The causes and risk factors for cervical cancer

 It is important to recall that the lining of the uterus proliferate and swells under the influence of estrogen, while fall and slow growth under the influence of progesterone (Progesterone) -, another female hormone. So, most of the cases of uterine cancer arise because of constant exposure to estrogen so many reasons. In addition, there are many factors that may lead to cancer of the uterus, which is:
· Generation: Most cases of cervical cancer appears at the age of seventy, but 25% of cases of cervical cancer appears at an early age.
· Nutrition: filled with animal fat increase the risk of uterine cancer.
· Overweight and obesity: leads to an increase in estrogen secretion, and thus increase the risk of uterine cancer.
· Estrogen therapy: estrogen therapy has been used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms (Menopause) or to prevent pregnancy. If they use estrogen alone, without taking progesterone contrast, increased risk of uterine cancer.
· Late menopause (Late Menopause): any menopause after age 55, and it leads to increased secretion of estrogen over the years which increases the risk of uterine cancer.
· Lack of birth : During pregnancy and lactation, the uterus is exposed to less estrogen. So no birth displays uterus to a lot of estrogen and increases the risk of uterine cancer.
Syndrome, estrogen secretion increases, leading to increased risk of uterine cancer.
· Diabetes.
· High blood pressure.
· Syndrome Lynch (Lynch Syndrome): syndrome patients exposure to many of the tumors, most notably colon cancer and cervical cancer.
· Tamoxifen (Tamoxifen): type drug used to treat breast cancer. May result in continuous use to increase the risk of uterine cancer.
· Family history: if they hit one first-degree relatives (mother or sister) uterine cancer, increases the risk of uterine cancer.
Most cases of cervical cancer arise from the proliferation of uterine tissue.

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What is ovarian cancer

Ovarian (Ovaries)
 Ovary two Ovarian is a member of the female reproductive system, and is located in the basin of either side of the uterus. Works ovarian secretion of sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone. The ovary also works on the production and secretion of eggs, a women's reproductive cells. Secreted ovarian eggs to the uterus, where it can be composed of the fetus.

Ovary is composed of the outer casing and contains cells called epithelial cells (Epithelial), and the core of the ovary. Contains the core of the ovary are two types of cells:

    Sex cells (Germ Cell): and that work on the production and secretion of eggs.
    Connective tissue cells : which is working on the production and secretion of hormones, estrogen and progesterone

May arise ovarian tumors in all cells, and are classified as types of ovarian cancer, according to the cells, where there is sexual cell tumors, tumors virtual cells, and connective tissue tumors.

 What is ovarian cancer
  

Ovarian cancer is a type of malignant cancer arises from the cells of the ovary. Ovarian cancer affects older women, especially after the age of sixty. Ovarian cancer accounts for a quarter of cancer cases in the female reproductive system, as it leads to death in a lot of cases because he detects in the advanced stages. So it is important to early detection of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer leads to a number of symptoms as vaginal bleeding or pelvic pain, and has the ability to spread to other organs. There are several possibilities for the treatment of ovarian cancer, and related runs its include surgical treatment and chemotherapy.
Ovarian cancer is 3-4% of all cancers in women, and the likelihood of ovarian cancer during the life of the woman is approximately 1.5%.

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What is thyroid cancer

What is thyroid cancer?


Is a division of thyroid cells independently and without supervision. There are two basic types according to the source of the cancer cells. The thyroid cancer is relatively uncommon, and is usually detected early, so full curable in most cases.
 
Types of thyroid cancer

There are two types of cells in the thyroid gland by embryonic origin and function:


1- (Follicular)

 Follicular carcinoma or  Papillary carcinoma    This type of cancer is more common.

2- ( Endodontic )

 Endodontic carcinoma   This type of cancer is very rare.

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What is kidney cancer and types of kidney cancer

What is kidney cancer

 
Kidney cancer is a cancer that affects the kidney tissue and lead to malignant tumors in the kidneys. Kidney cancer leads to symptoms as pain in the waist, high temperatures, and the presence of blood in the urine. Difficult to detect kidney cancer in the early stages and that it does not cause symptoms early. However, the slow-growing kidney cancer does not spread quickly, making treatment and cure it possible, despite the late discovery. Kidney cancer may lead to complications as obstruction and kidney function. There are several types of kidney cancer, and treatment varies according to the type of asset. Can treat kidney cancer surgical treatment to remove the tumor, or treatment Immunological in advanced cases.

Represent kidney tumors approximately 3% of the tumors in adults, and usually appear in the elderly and specifically the 60-70 generations.
 



Often kidney cancer are classified according to the cells from which they arise. It is agreed that kidney cancer is classified to two basic types:

The 80-85% of kidney tumors.



It is very important classification of kidney cancer, because the symptoms and treatment may vary from one type to another.

There are other types of kidney tumors, which may be malicious, or benign (Benign) - that is, they do not spread - but less prevalent and are considered rare.

Wilms'   Tumor is a tumor in the kidney may affect children only.

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What is Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a malignant proliferation of irregular cells present in the lung. A lung cancer is a major global health problem with a significant impact on human life. Lung cancer is the first cause of death from cancer, and often affects the elderly, and there are many things constitute risk factors and mainly because of smoking. May cause lung cancer symptoms of chronic cough and shortness of breath, or to complications such as high concentration of calcium in the blood. Lung cancer has the ability to spread to members outside the lung, liver, bone and other. Lung cancer leads to death in many cases because of the discovery in the late stages and difficult to treat. So is of great importance to avoid lung cancer and its prevention by avoiding risk factors. There are several possibilities for the treatment of lung cancer, as surgical treatment, chemotherapy or radiotherapy.

Lung cancer affects older, after the age of fifty, and affects one out of every 14 people. Although deaths that may be caused by lung cancer related to stage lung cancer, but that lung cancer is the leading cause of death due to cancer. Having said death from lung cancer eighty years ago.

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What is cancer of the large intestine

The large intestine is the last part of the digestive system, and begins after the end of the small intestine and extending to the anus. Large intestine is located in the abdomen and take a square form as they surrounded the small intestine and be in the vicinity of the abdomen. Large intestine consists of several parts where the large intestine begins Cecum, which is the first part and is located in the right lower abdomen. From then ascending colon on the right side of the abdomen, and then transverse colon at the top of the abdomen and passes to the left hand of the abdomen to become the descending colon. Advanced descending colon, for up to the rectum , the last parts of the colon and related to the Anus.



Line the colon and rectum mucous membrane. There are several arteries irrigate the large intestine. Lymphatic vessels concentrated in the lymph nodes in the pelvis and abdomen around the large intestine.



Cancer of the large intestine is the third type of cancer in the world and affects the elderly, it also the third cause of death from cancer. May lead to symptoms of abdominal speech, bowel obstruction or blood in the stool and lead to complications if it has spread to neighboring organs. Cancer of the large intestine can spread to distant organs such as the liver. There are several possibilities for the treatment of cancer of the large intestine such as surgical treatment, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and can cure cancer of the large intestine after treatment. Because cancer of the large intestine is a common condition, and can be treated so it is important to large intestine cancer screening and treatment in the early stages and cured.

Cancer affects the large intestine is about 5-6% of persons, any person out of every twenty. Cancer affects the large intestine elderly in most cases, after the age of fifty.

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What is prostate cancer

The prostate is a gland of the reproductive glands in men. Prostate is located in the pelvis, below the bladder and above the rectum. Surround the prostate  Urethra. Containing prostate tissue from glandular cells, which operate on liquid secretion join the sperm and carried during the ejaculation process, and glandular cells often arise prostate cancer. The prostate contains tissue component of the connective tissue and muscle, which is located between the glandular tissue. Prostate plays an important role in the erection of the penis. Grow the size of the prostate cells proliferate under the influence of the male hormone,  Testosterone. Prostate contains several parts:


    Transition zone: which is the area closest to the urethra and surrounding it.
    Central region (Central Zone): a central area.
    Peripheral region or background (Peripheral Zone): It is the area closest to the straight and farthest from the urethra. Often prostate cancer originates from this region.

Prostate can be checked during a physical examination, and when the doctor inserts a finger into the rectum and can palpate the prostate, especially the transition area.
 
 Prostate cancer is the growth of the cells of the prostate gland in the male and the bottom of the bladder, and lead to a prostate tumor. Prostate cancer affects older men, which is the most prevalent cancer in men. Prostate cancer may lead to many symptoms urinelike difficulty, urinary urgency and erectile dysfunction. For prostate cancer the ability to spread and infect then members other like bones and lungs. Although prostate cancer is very common, but many cases are not detected and diagnosed. Prostate cancer can be treated in several treatment possibilities, most notably the surgical treatment to remove the tumor. The radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and hormone therapy available for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Although a lot of men are diagnosed with prostate cancer, but most do not die of prostate cancer but from other causes before advanced prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer affects approximately 8-10% of men.

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What is Uterine Cancer

  Uterus   The uterus is a member of the female reproductive system, and uterus is located in the pelvis between the bladder and rectum. Linked to the uterus with the outside world through its association with the vagina (Vagina), where the cervix is ​​that connects the uterus vagina. Uterine function is to contain pregnancy, a member in which the fetus grows. Uterine wall consists of two layers:Endometrial: inner layer lining the uterine cavity. Multiplies and enlarges endometrium cells during the month the female, and after the effect of female hormones on the endometrium cells, especially estrogen (Estrogen). When menstruation occurs, most endometrium fall and graduated from the vagina, leading to bleeding and menstrual discharge. If carried the female, the lining uterus bloated receive pregnancy is not waived.

· Myometrium: the outer layer of the wall of the uterus, and is composed of several layers of muscle that is working to reduce the womb when needed.

May affect cancer each of the layers of the uterus and uterine cancer several types, as the cancer of the lining of the uterus (Endometrial Carcinoma) is the most prominent and the most common and will talk about. May appear muscle tumors of the muscle layer of the uterus, but they are benign and less dangerous


 Cancer of the uterus - known as (Endometrial Cancer) also - is a cancer arising from the lining of the uterus (Endometrium). Endometrial cancer is the fourth cancers that may infect women. Cause endometrial cancer for many symptoms, most notably vaginal bleeding. Detect most cases of endometrial cancer at an early stage where still inside the womb, before spreading to other organs outside the uterus. In these early stages can treat endometrial cancer surgical treatment to hysterectomy. Other treatment possibilities available for cancer of the lining of the uterus such as medical treatment radiotherapy and chemotherapy or hormonal.
As mentioned, the uterine cancer is the fourth common cancer in women, and affects approximately 2-3% of women. Highlights uterine cancer in older women, especially in the age of seventy, but he may appear before that, even before the age of fifty. Most cases of cervical cancer are postmenopausal (Menopause) - any interruption of the menstrual cycle - may appear cases before it.

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What are brain tumors

Brain tumors are a group of tumors that arise from brain cells, as a result of the proliferation of abnormal or regular cells within the brain. Tumors may arise from the neurons of the brain, the membrane surrounding nerves within the brain. There are several types of tumors may be benign or cancerous. Lead to the symptoms of brain tumors head speech, blurred vision and other, and may lead to complications such as loss of consciousness, seizures, and others. It is important to diagnose brain tumors because some species can be treated and cured sometimes. There are several possibilities for the treatment of brain tumors, including surgical treatment, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and treatment possibilities and change according to the type and stage of tumor.Risk factors for brain tumors


There is no reason a clear and specific to brain tumors. But some situations and factors increase the risk of brain tumors, both benign and cancerous. The most important of these factors are:
· Radiotherapy: radiotherapy for cancer and tumors outside the brain, may increase the risk of brain tumors.
· Genetic diseases: several genetic diseases increase the risk of brain tumors, including:
 NF-Neuro fibromatosis: is a hereditary disease that leads to many types of tumors in the body, especially in the nervous system, leading to brain tumors.
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome
· Radiation in the workplace: research still revolves around radiation exposure in the workplace, and so far no studies show prove the risk of brain tumors as a result of radiation.
· Cell phones: Despite the lack of clarity seriousness of cellular phones, the recent studies have demonstrated that exposure to cell phones and rays does not increase the risk of brain tumors.
 Metastases: the presence of cancer in other organs of the body, could lead to transmission of metastases to the brain.

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What is pancreatic cancer

 The pancreas is a member of the abdomen, and is located behind the stomach. Pancreatic cancer is a deadly cancer, making it the fourth leading cause of death in the world. Pancreatic cancer lead to death in more than 90% of cases due to late diagnosis, as symptoms appear only in the advanced stages, and have spread to other organs. Pancreatic cancer affects the elderly and other factors increase the likelihood of injury such as smoking and chronic inflammation of the pancreas. Pancreatic cancer may be asymptomatic or cause for Calm abdominal symptoms and jaundice. Pancreatic cancer can be treated surgical treatment to remove the tumor, or radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Despite the treatments available, only 5% of patients survive five years after diagnosis.

 Pancreatic
 The pancreas is located in the abdomen behind the stomach and next to the twelve.It also secretes digestive juices help to digest the bait. All pancreatic secretions are focused in the gut of the Twelve, where he also focused yellow secretions. Pancreas is divided into several parts, the head and is the closest to twelve, body and tail which is closest to the spleen. There are two types of cells in the pancreas:

   Exocrine cells : the cells that secrete digestive juices, and also installed channels that carry pancreatic digestive secretions.
    Endocrine cells : the cells that secrete hormones insulin and glucagon, including many types

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What is stomach cancer

What is stomach cancer

 
 Stomach cancer is a cancer of others throughout the world, but the percentage spread in the east and especially in the countries of Japan, Korea and China. Yet it is a very serious cancers, making gastric cancer the second leading cause of death (after lung cancer) as a result of cancers worldwide. Many factors may lead to cancer of the stomach and notably nutritional factors as smoking and alcohol. Some cases of stomach cancer are due to  infection Helicobacter Pylori germ . Stomach cancer may appear in all parts of the stomach and may spread to other organs in the body such as the liver, bone or digestive organs. Cause of stomach cancer for several symptoms, most notably abdominal pain, vomiting, and has many signs. Treated gastric cancer surgical treatment in addition to chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Related to the life chances of degree of stomach cancer and the extent of its progress and its spread, and different treatment based on that, too.Often can not be cured of stomach cancer and it comes in diagnosis, increasing the chances of recovery and life chances if it was in an early stage. So treat most cases of stomach cancer aimed at mitigating the symptoms and complications.

  Different prevalence of gastric cancer according to race and geographic region. Since stomach cancer is prevalent in the Far East more than anywhere else in the world, especially in the countries of Japan, China and Korea. Apparently, it has to do with nutrition covered by the inhabitants of this country, which contain a lot of salt. While less incidence of gastric cancer in the West, but gastric cancer is more prevalent in black skin white skin. Estimated incidence of gastric cancer in the West about 5-6 out of every 100,000 people. 

Increase the incidence of gastric cancer with progress in the generation, and rarely appears before the age of fifty. It also affects men more than women, and affects poor people with difficult material situation.Statistics indicated that the incidence of stomach cancer, said in recent decades significantly.

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